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Brarydog Research Center: APA Style Guide APA (American Psychological Association) Style Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition. (2001). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.This is the is the official print manual for this style. APAStyle.org gives online help, focusing on electronic resources. Manuscript Preparation and Paper Format This page describes and illustrates the format for an APA title page, abstract, and main body of a paper. Written by Capital Community College, Hartford Connecticut. APA Style Citations In APA style, brief citations to original sources are given in the text of the paper. An in-text citation names the author of the source, gives the date of publication, and sometimes a page number in parentheses. At the end of the paper, a reference list provides publication information about the source; the list is alphabetized by authors' last names (or by titles for works without authors). Readers use the in-text citations like footnotes, to find publication information about the source located in the list of references. Guidelines for in-text citations (parenthetical references)
Wilson (2001) compared student scores... One study comparing student scores (Wilson, 2001) found that... In his 2001 study, Wilson found that... Hopewell High School is described (North Carolina School Directory, 2002)... Reviews were favorable ("Harmonious Galaxy," 2002)... Ms. Wright believes homework is necessary (personal communication, May 24, 2002). Madison referred to the Internet as "a highway to nowhere." (1990, p.21) North Carolina's Outer Banks are described as: Fringing virtually the entire Atlantic coast of the state is a long chain of barrier islandsthe—Outer Banks—ranging in height from a few feet to more than 100 feet (30 meters) at Kill Devil Hill and Jockey's Ridge. From these banks, Cape Hatteras, Cape Lookout, and Cape Fear jut out into the ocean. Between the banks and the mainland are five sounds: Currituck, Albemarle, Pamlico, Core, and Bogue. ("North Carolina," 2002)Guidelines for the reference list
Books No author Title. (Date). Place of Publication: Publisher. The Complete Dog Book. (1998). New York: Harper Book House. One author Author's last name, Initial(s). (Date) Title. Place of publication: Publisher. Wegman,W. (1997). William Wegman Puppies. New York:Hyperion. Two or more authors Author last name, Initial(s). (Date) Title. Location:Publisher. Rutherford, C. and Neil, D. H. How to Raise a Puppy You Can Live With. (1999). New York: MJF Books. Editor Editor's last name, Initial(s). (Ed.). (Date). Title. Place of publication: Publisher. Pratt, Robert A. (Ed.), (1966). Selections from the Tales of Canterbury, and Short Poems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Multiple volumes Author(s) last name, Initial(s). (Date). Title (Volumes). Place of Publication: Publisher. Magill, Frank N. (Ed.). The Great Scientists (12 vols.). Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Educational Corporation, 1989. Encyclopedia article-signed Author(s) last name, Initial(s). (Date). Article title. In Encyclopedia title (Volume, pages). Place of Publication: Publisher. Tienda, Marta. (2000). Hispanic Americans. In Encyclopedia of Sociology (Vol. 2, 1188-1195). New York: MacMillan Reference USA. Encyclopedia article-unsigned Article title. (Date). In Encyclopedia title (Volume, pages). Place of publication: Publisher. Olympic Games. (2002). In The World Book Encyclopedia (vol.14, 746-754). Chicago: World Book, Inc. Government document Government agency. Title. (Date). (publication number). Place of Publication: Publisher. National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Interview Should be included as an in-text citation (not on reference list), because it does not refer to copyrighted material. Journal, magazine and newspaper articles (Periodicals) Signed Author's last name, initial(s). (Year, add month and day of publication for daily, weekly, or monthly publications). Article title. Title of Periodical, Volume number (Issue number), pages. Underwood, A. (2002, June). The Quest for artificial blood. Newsweek, 24, 68-71. Unsigned Article title. (Date). Periodical title, Volume number, pages. Harmonious galaxy. (2002, June). Billboard, 29, 58. Scholarly journal Author's last name, initial(s). (Date). Journal title,Volume (Issue), pages. Hemp, P. (2002, June). My week as a room-service waiter at the Ritz. Harvard Business Review, 80(6), 50. Book review Author's last name, initial(s). (Date). Review title [work being reviewed]. Periodical title, volume, pages. Cook, B. A. (1962, May 11). [Review of Pigeon feathers and other stories]. Commonweal, 76(7), 184. Newspaper Article Author(if known). (Date). Title. Newspaper, page(including section). Dodd, S. (2002, July 17). Water Limits for Charlotte? Charlotte Observer, p. A1. Group says new Navy sonar hurts whales. (2002, July 17). USA Today, p. 3A. Electronic resources Databases need only proper name of database, not method of retrieval. Article found in an online database Author last name, initial(s). (Date). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), pages. Retrieval date and source. Wildavsky, B. (1999, August). Caltech comes out on top. U.S. News & World Report, 127(8), 62ff. Retrieved August 28, 2000, from: InfoTrac General Reference Center Gold database (A55606814). Newspaper from database Shaw, John. (2001, August 1). Updated Shakespeare, at the opera and in the Outback. New York Times, Section E The Arts/Cultural Desk, 2. Retrieved June 26, 2002 from ProQuest New York Times (R) Ondisc, July2001-April 2002, (48958120010801). Abstract of article found in an online database Author's last name, initial(s). Article title. Journal title, volume, pages. Retrieval statement naming database. Goodrich, John. (2002, May-June) All in a day's work: Tracking Siberian tigers. Wildlife Conservation,105(3), 10. Abstract retrieved on June 26, 2002, from InfoTrac Expanded Academic ASAP database, (A86133000). Online encyclopedia Article title. (Year). In Encyclopedia Title. Retrieval statement. North Carolina. (2002). Retrieved June 21, 2002, from Encyclopedia Americana Online, 2002. Web site Document title. (Year). In Source. Retrieval statement with URL. Election 2000. (2000). In CNN Interactive Online. Retrieved August 28, 2001, http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/ . Further resources: Using APA Format Site with detailed explanations of this style, compiled by OWL (Online Writing Lab) of Purdue University. Writers Handbook: APA Documentation Style An excellent guide put together by The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. |
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